External marketing environment Essay Example

External marketing environment Essay Example External marketing environment Paper External marketing environment Paper Marketing environment is that which is external to he marketing management function, largely uncontrollable, potentially relevant to marketing decision making and changing or constraining in nature. The marketing environment is more important to management today than ever before, this is both because the rate of environmental change has increased and because there are more types of important environmental changes. The rate of environmental change should be remembered that all of the development experienced by humankind has occurred within a mere moment of history. New types of environmental change have come to the forefront, economic factors go to the core business activity and satirically they have always been important to marketing management. The word Environment is associated with our physical environment such as air quality, water pollution, solid waste disposal and natural resource conservation. An organization operates within an external environment that it generally cannot control. At the same time, marketing and non- marketing resources exist within the organization that generally can be controlled by its executives. The external marketing environment consists of social, demographic, economic, technological, political and legal, and competitive variables. Marketers generally cannot control the elements of the external environment. Instead, they must understand how the external environment is changing and the impact of that change on the target market. Then marketing managers can create a marketing mix to effectively meet the needs of target customers. Within the external environment, social factors are perhaps the most difficult for marketers to anticipate. Several major social trends are currently shaping marketing strategies. First, people of all ages have a broader range of interests, defying traditional consumer profiles. Second, changing gender oleos are bringing more women into the workforce and increasing the number of men who shop. Third, a greater number of dual-career families have created demand for time-saving goods and services. The social or cultural forces refers to the structure and dynamics of individuals and groups and their behavior, believes, thought patterns and lifestyles, friendship and many of this trends goes a long way to affect your marketing operations. Demographic trends Today, several basic demographic patterns are influencing marketing mixes. Because the population is growing at a slower rate, marketers can no longer Ely on profits from generally expanding markets. Marketers are also faced with increasingly experienced consumers among the younger generations such as toupees and teens. And because the population is also growing older, marketers are offering more products that appeal to middle-aged and elderly markets. Demography refers to study of people, such as their age, sex, marital status, occupation, family size. Though, demography is uncontrollable because you cannot control the sex, age, marital status in your external environment, but accurate forecast of it goes a long way to enabling you as a racketeer forecast future trend and consumptions of your product. Economic conditions The 2007-2013 recessions has drastically reduced the spending power of many people. During a time of inflation, marketers generally attempt to maintain level pricing to avoid losing customer brand loyalty. During times of recession, many marketers maintain or reduce prices to counter the effects of decreased demand; they also concentrate on increasing production efficiency and improving customer service. The economic environment is a significant force that affects the marketing activities of just about any organization. A marketing program is affected especially by economic factors as the current and anticipated stage of the business cycle, as well as inflation and interest rates. Inflation a rise in prices of goods and services represents inflation. When prices rise at a faster rate than personal incomes, consumer buying power declines. Inflation rates affect government policies, consumer psychology and also marketing programs. Interest rates when interest rates are high, for instance, consumers tend not to make long-term purchases such as housing. Some marketers offer below-market interest rates as a rumination device to increase business. Monitoring new technology is essential to keeping up with competitors in todays marketing environment. The United States excels in basic research and, in recent years, has dramatically improved its track record in applied research. Innovation is increasingly becoming a global process. Without innovation, the companies cant compete in global markets. Technology post much challenges to marketers, it affects the kind of product that you as a marketer can Offer, For instance, technology have changed products like typewriting machines into a more proficient computer systems. We cannot stop the advancement of technology, but we can learn to adapt to it changes. All marketing activities are subject to state and federal laws and the rulings of regulatory agencies. Marketers are responsible for remaining aware of and abiding by such regulations. Many laws, including privacy laws, have been passed to protect the consumer as well. The Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Federal Trade Commission, and the Food and Drug Administration are the three federal agencies most involved in regulating marketing activities. The government policies refers to the laws and legality hat guilds the land, they go a long way to affect your business operations as a marketer. For instance, government restriction on the importation of a particular product might hinder the marketers playing in that particular field. Competition Competition refers to the numbers of similar competitive product brands marketers in your industry, their size and market capitalizations. As a marketer might not have direct influence On them, but its important that you monitor their activities, and then design effective strategies using your controllable variables. Competitors actions affect the ability of the business o make profits, because competitors will continually seek to gain an advantage over each other, by differentiating their product and service, and by seeking to provide better value for money. Three types of competition: credit cards. Substitute products satisfy the same need. Example growing numbers of homeowners have been choosing wood flooring instead of carpeting, causing carpet sales to stagnate. Every company a rival for the customers limited buying power. Hence, skilful marketer constantly monitors al aspects of competitors marketing activities, their products, pricing, distribution systems and promotional programs. CONCLUSION The element of the marketing environment involves factors that for the most part are beyond the control of the company. Thus the company adapt to these factors. It is important to observe how the environment changes so that a firm can adapt its strategies appropriately. The environmental system is the natural system in which life takes place. Increasingly businesses have become aware of the relationship between their economic activity for example making odds and services for profits and the effect that this has on the environmental system. The external environment of marketing is comprises of those uncontrollable forces outside of your organization. These forces that can influence your business are uncontrollable because you do not have any control over them, but yet, you can respond and adapt to their treats and influences with your controllable mix element from your internal environment. However, it should be noted that while an external environmental force affect one business. It may create an opportunity to another business. So as a marketer need be on look out to forecasting Seibel changes in external environment and also to design effective strategies on how to adapt the business to it.

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buy custom Food Technology essay The preservation of food has always occupied a large portion of mans time and effort. Since the early days, man has been preserving his foods by application of natural methods from the environment. These methods included the sun drying, smoking, salting, and fermentation (Karel Lund, 2003). These methods altered the quality and taste of the foods. In addition, as civilization developed the demands of large quantities of quality processed foods also increased. This has led to the development of large preservation methods that attempt to retain the natural taste of the foods processed. One crucial fruit that the food industry can preserve is the plums. Plums may be used in the manufacture of jam, juice, as well as other recipes (Schuegraf, 2001). They are also be used to manufacture brandy and other alcoholic beverages when distilled. It is also high in the antioxidants and has a laxative effect when eaten. Dried and salted plums can also be used as snacks. The wide range of uses of plums supports its choice in preservation. Plums are exceedingly perishable commodities under the normal room temperatures. Their accelerated spoilage is due to their high sugar content. The high sugar content allows for the thriving of the microbes. Heat processing is one of the new methods in the markets, which are more convenient in preservation of the food. It emerged due to the need to improve on the processes inefficiency and the quality of the final product of the existing methods. This consequently led to the development of new developments and improvements in existing thermal processing technologies (Bhat, 2012). Three commonly used methods in the thermal processing are the electro-heating technology, microwave heating and ohmic heating technology. These technologies inactivate microbes in many kinds of foods. Electro-heating can be done either directly (e.g. ohic heating) or indirectly (e.g. radio frequency or microwave heating). Direct heating involves applying the electrical current to the food directly. In indirect heating, electrical energy is first converted into electromagnetic radiations and directed to the food. The electromagnetic radiations, subsequently generates heat within the product. Indirect electro-heat ing overcomes the problem of excessive cooking times, leading to low power consumption (Bhat, 2012). The major application of this method is in the processes of pasteurization, sterilization, defrosting, thawing, cooking and drying. Heat processing, work by thermal inactivation of microorganisms in the food materials, through irreversible denaturing of the enzymes, proteins, nucleic acids, or other cellular constituents vital to the cell metabolism and reproduction in microbes thereby, resulting to cellular death (Bhat, 2012). The establishment of safe thermal process requires the knowledge of time/ temperature combination in order deactivate the most heat-resistant pathogen. In addition, the knowledge on heat-penetration characteristics of the food system (heat transfer rate) is applied. This information is necessary to establish scheduled processes, for the inactivation of pathogens in the food products and thus, prolonging their shelf life (Ranken, Kill, Baker, 1997). Dehydration method of food preservation, work by the principle of depriving microorganisms moisture necessary to remain active. Removal of water also ensures that, the chemical processes stops. Dehydration leads to reduction in weight and volume in most cases. The most decisive factor to consider in the fruit and vegetable preservation by dehydration method is the water activity (aw). Water is a useful solvent for growth and metabolism of the microbes. It also supports many chemical reactions occurring in the food products. The free water in fruits or vegetables is enough for chemical reactions, supporting microbial growth, and as a transport medium for the spoilage compounds (Barbosa-Cnovas, Fernardez-Molina, Alzamora, Tapia, Lopez-Malo, Chanes, 2003). It is essential that, the appropriate water activity (aw) in which the pathogenic or spoilage microorganisms cannot grow be attained for preservation. Most pathogenic organisms cannot grow at aw O.82. Yeasts and molds, on the other h and, cease to grow when aw 0.62 (Bhat, 2012). Low water activity produces conformational changes in the enzyme, thereby affecting its catalytic activity. Any dehydration method should ensure that, the water activity (aw) is below the growth of the microbial organisms, so as to prolong their shelf life and preservation time (Karel Lund, 2003). It should also be noted that low water values do not kill the microbes immediately. Therefore, they may remain dormant in the food for prolonged periods of time. Because it does not sterilize the food, means must be provided to maintain the equilibrium and prevent the food staff from regaining the moisture until its usage arises (Ranken, Kill, Baker, 1997). Having the two processes will substantially lower the cost on other methods of preservation. For example, the dehydration of the food materials can be done by the electrical heater. On the other hand, these two methods can be easily incorporated to other methods of food preservation thereby reducing costs. Lastly, these two methods require just the initial supply of power unlike the refrigeration that requires a constant supply all the time. The effectiveness of any preservation method is dependent on how well the agents responsible for spoilage are inhibited or destroyed. This spoilage occurs due to the activities of microorganisms and the enzyme in the food to be preserved (Karel Lund, 2003). Buy custom Food Technology essay

Conservation and environmental management Assignment

Conservation and environmental management - Assignment Example ldlife Conservation and Solar Energy Development in the Desert Southwest article and evaluates the effects of USSEDO facility on wildlife and the environment (Lovich & Ennen, 2011, 982). Paradoxically, the use of the natural renewable resources in large scale is no longer considered environmental friendly; it has conflicted with conservation to wildlife. These alternatives of energy sources have impacted further given the current biodiversity of the arid condition of the South west region. Information published regards the potential effects and impacts direct and indirect of renewable energy on the wildlife. Several endangered species have been affected either directly or indirectly by the USSED. According to Kristan and Boarman area covered by Agassiz’s desert tortoise, is approximated to be 161,949 ha of land habituated has been affected directly by USSED. It has been further stated that an approximation of 769,230 ha has been affected given both direct and indirect impacts of the USSED (Lovich & Ennen, 2011, 983). Common impacts of utility scale solar energy are majorly caused by construction and decommission of energy facilities. Construction involves the ground excavation and disturbance of endangered animal species found in this region. Another effect caused by USSED is through its operation and maintenance of solar facility. These are factors that arise as a result of operation of the facility in the environ neighboring which causes mortality of the wildlife. Potential effects of construction and decommission of energy facility involve direct impacts of ground disturbance and indirect impacts of habitat loss and degradation of the wildlife. Construction activities in these wildlife inhabited areas causes large amount of dust emission while constructing road and other network in the region hence, causing environmental pollution. Mortality of Subterranean animals is directly affected by USSED. Activities involving movement of the motor vehicles entrap